Blocking buffers are crucial consumables used in gel electrophoresis, particularly in blotting techniques such as Western, Southern, and Northern blotting. After transferring proteins or nucleic acids from gels to membranes, blocking buffers are applied to prevent non-specific binding of detection antibodies or probes. These buffers contain proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or casein, which occupy the available binding sites on the membrane, reducing background noise and enhancing the specificity of the assay. By minimising non-specific interactions, blocking buffers improve the clarity and accuracy of the resulting signals, allowing for reliable quantification and identification of target molecules. Proper use of blocking buffers is essential for successful immunodetection and molecular analysis, making them a key component in various laboratory workflows in molecular biology and biochemistry.