Radiation shielding refers to the methods and materials used to protect individuals and the environment from harmful radiation exposure. This protective measure is crucial in medical, industrial, and research settings where radioactive materials or radiation-producing equipment are present. Common shielding materials include lead, concrete, and specialised composites, chosen for their ability to absorb or deflect different types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Effective radiation shielding minimises the risk of health hazards while allowing necessary operations to continue safely. It is essential for laboratories, hospitals, and nuclear facilities to implement appropriate shielding solutions, ensuring compliance with safety regulations and promoting a safe working environment for all personnel.