Laboratory 2D gel electrophoresis systems are advanced tools used to separate and analyse complex protein mixtures based on their isoelectric point and molecular weight. In the first dimension, proteins are separated by their charge through isoelectric focusing, and in the second dimension, they are further separated by size using SDS-PAGE. This two-dimensional process provides high-resolution separation, allowing researchers to study protein expression, modifications, and interactions in detail. Commonly used in proteomics, 2D gel electrophoresis is essential for identifying proteins in biological samples, comparing protein profiles, and detecting post-translational modifications. These systems are vital in fields such as molecular biology, biochemistry, and medical research, enabling a deeper understanding of cellular processes and disease mechanisms.