Real-time qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) systems are advanced thermal cyclers designed for the quantitative analysis of nucleic acids. Unlike traditional PCR, qPCR enables researchers to monitor the amplification of DNA or RNA in real-time, providing immediate insights into the quantity of target sequences. These systems utilise fluorescent dyes or probes that emit signals as the reaction progresses, allowing for precise quantification and enabling applications such as gene expression analysis, pathogen detection, and genetic variation studies. Modern qPCR systems are equipped with features such as high-speed cycling, multiplexing capabilities, and intuitive software for data analysis and interpretation. Their accuracy and sensitivity make them indispensable tools in molecular biology, diagnostics, and research, facilitating a wide range of applications in clinical and experimental settings.